Шпаргалка з граматики

• Present Simple

  V / V-s (3rd person). Habits, facts, schedules.

  She works remotely.

• Present Continuous

  am/is/are + V-ing. Actions now or temporary.

  I am reading now.

• Present Perfect

  have/has + V3. Experience, result, unfinished time.

  I have just finished.

• Past Simple

  V2 / did + V. Finished past with time marker.

  We met yesterday.

• Past Continuous

  was/were + V-ing. Action in progress at past moment.

  I was cooking at 8.

• Future Simple

  will + V. Decisions, predictions, promises.

  I will call you.

• Articles

  a/an — first mention, the — known/unique, zero — general.

  A cat. The cat. Cats are cute.

• Conditionals

  0: if+pres,pres; 1: if+pres,will; 2: if+past,would; 3: if+past perfect,would have.

  If I had time, I would go.

• Passive Voice

  be + V3. Focus on action, not doer.

  The house was built in 1990.

• Reported Speech

  Shift tense back: pres→past, will→would, can→could.

  He said he was tired.

Це конспект для повторення, не підручник. Кожну тему варто відпрацювати на 20–30 власних прикладах. Порядок вивчення відповідає типовій програмі A1–B2.