Office equipment

Minimum: exam couch, desk, chairs, medicine cabinet, drug refrigerator, sterilizer/UV, sink, scales/stadiometer, BP monitor, thermometer, glucometer. Startup — UAH 150–400k.

Family practice: ECG, spirometer, otoscope, neuro hammer. Dentistry — a different scale (chair, drill — millions). Ultrasound — the most demanded big purchase, pays off in 12–24 months.

Used ultrasound/ECG — 40–60% of new price, but check usage hours, service, and registration papers. Small gear (BP monitors, glucometers) — only new with warranty.

Medical devices in Ukraine — registration in the State Register of Medical Devices. Purchase requires supplier papers. Calibration of measuring devices — yearly for BP monitors, scales.

Priorities: 1) license-mandatory, 2) revenue-generating (ultrasound, ECG), 3) quality-improving (rapid tests, pulse ox). Don't buy 'for the future' — capital freezes in inventory.

An ultrasound machine UAH 300–800k pays off at 3–5 exams/day in 12–24 months. An express lab breaks even at 10+ tests/day. Count utilization before buying, not after.