Contract law

Essential terms

Without essential terms no contract exists: subject for all, price where law requires, term for fixed contracts. In template libraries always check these per contract type.

Contract types

Sale, work contract, services, lease, loan, suretyship, agency, franchise. Each has own mandatory Civil/Commercial Code norms: work and services are closest but the regime differs.

Risk clauses

Check: liability (penalty caps), warranties, force majeure, termination, renewal, jurisdiction, personal data. Unilateral term changes — void unless law allows.

Templates

Library: base forms per contract type, not ready solutions. Each template adapts to parties, subject, risks. Master agreements with annexes — for framework relations.

Execution

Forms: written (most), notarial (real estate, LLC shares), e-signature/Diia.Sign (equal to handwritten). Electronic contracts are fully valid — corporate QES is fine.

Disputes

Process: claim → negotiation → commercial court (between entities) or general court. 3-year limitation. The claim procedure is mandatory for most commercial disputes.