Disinfectants

• Chlorine

  5% bleach → 0.1–0.5% working solution by surface; make fresh daily, never mix with acids/ammonia.

• Alcohol

  70% alcohol beats 96% (protein coagulation); 30s contact, don't spray near open flame.

• Peroxide

  3% peroxide — for surfaces and wounds; degrades in light — dark bottle, post-opening shelf-life.

• Contact time

  Disinfection ≠ rinsing: the surface must stay wet for the full contact time per instructions (1–30 min).

'Stronger' concentration ≠ more effective: 70% alcohol works, 96% — barely; excess chlorine is just more toxic. Mixing disinfectants is the #1 source of household poisonings.