ND filter: shutter conversion

Base shutter × filter density → new shutter speed for long exposure

Input

New shutter

Within camera range

8.2 с

Compensation: 10 stops (×1024)

ND1000 (10 stops) turns 1/60 s into 16 s — water goes milky. Beyond 30 s use Bulb mode and a remote. Alternatively raise ISO or open aperture by the same stops.