Segregation of duties
Maker-checker-approver matrix for financial operations
Matrix
| Operation | Makes | Checks | Approves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Payment creation | Manager | Controller | Director |
| Vendor onboarding | Accountant | Chief accountant | — |
| Payroll run | Payroll clerk | Chief accountant | Director |
| Master data changes | Accountant | Chief accountant | — |
| Bank access | — | Chief accountant | Director |
Principle: whoever creates a payment must not approve it. In a 2-person business — one pays, director approves.