Cybersecurity glossary

Security terms in plain language

12 terms

  • Фішинг

    Fake emails/sites for stealing data.

  • 2FA / MFA

    Second authentication factor on top of a password.

  • Ransomware

    Encrypting extortionware: locks files for ransom.

  • Zero-day

    A vulnerability with no patch yet.

  • E2E-шифрування

    Encryption where only conversation participants hold keys.

  • Breach

    Leak/hack of an organization's data.

  • Kill switch

    VPN feature cutting traffic if the tunnel drops.

  • Seed-фраза

    12–24 words — the master key of a crypto wallet.

  • Соціальна інженерія

    Manipulating people instead of breaking tech.

  • MITM

    Man-in-the-middle: intercepting traffic between parties.

  • GDPR / ЗЗПД

    European and Ukrainian personal-data-protection laws.

  • RPO / RTO

    How much data and time may be lost in recovery.