Lab references

Hemoglobin: M 130–160, F 120–140 g/L. RBC: 4.0–5.0. WBC: 4–9. Platelets: 150–400. ESR: M <10, F <15 mm/hr. Differential shifts matter more than absolutes.

Glucose: 3.9–5.5 mmol/L fasting. ALT/AST: <35–40 U/L. Creatinine: M 62–115, F 53–97 µmol/L. Urea: 2.5–8.3. Total bilirubin: 3.4–17.1 µmol/L. Cholesterol: <5.2 mmol/L.

TSH: 0.4–4.0 mIU/L — main screen. Free T4: 9–22 pmol/L. Free T3: 2.6–5.7. Antibodies (TPO-Ab, TG-Ab) — for suspected autoimmune thyroiditis. Ultrasound complements, doesn't replace.

Biochemistry and glucose — fasting 8–12 hrs, water allowed. Hormones — before 10 AM (circadian rhythms). Meds — per doctor's orders, don't stop on your own. Heavy exercise within 24h skews CK and AST.

Specific gravity: 1010–1025. Protein: <0.033 g/L, trace is borderline. WBC: up to 5–6 per field. RBC: up to 2–3. Casts, bacteria, glucose, ketones — should be absent.

References differ between labs — check the range on the form, not 'typical' values. A single deviation ≠ a diagnosis. Trends matter more than one-off results. This is orientation, not self-treatment.