Fish diseases
Symptom reference and basic prevention
Disease
Informational reference — a vet is required for a real diagnosis. 80% of diseases come from stress: overstocking, dirty water, temperature swings, rough handling. Prevention beats treatment: quarantine new fish 2–3 weeks, regular aeration, don't overfeed, lime the pond between cycles. Isolate sick fish immediately.
Ich (white spot)
Symptoms
White spots like grains, fish rubbing
Cause
Parasite under stress/cold
Actions
Malachite/formalin baths, +1–2°C