Incoterms 2020 — responsibility reference
11 delivery terms: who pays transport, insurance and duty, and where risk passes
Term
EXWEx Works
Франко-завод
Buyer takes everything: loading, transport, customs, risk from seller's dock. Minimum for seller.
FCAFree Carrier
Франко-перевізник
Seller hands goods to buyer's carrier (loaded at own dock or not). Risk passes on handover to carrier.
FOBFree On Board
Франко-борт (море)
Sea only. Seller loads on board; risk and costs pass to buyer at the ship's rail.
CFR/CIFCost & Freight / +Insurance
Вартість+фрахт (+страх)
Sea. Seller pays freight to destination port (CIF adds insurance), but risk passes on board at departure port.
CPT/CIPCarriage Paid To / +Insurance
Перевезення оплачене (+страх)
Any transport. Seller pays carriage to destination (CIP adds insurance), risk passes at first carrier handover.
DAPDelivered At Place
Поставка в місці
Seller delivers to buyer's place, risk until arrival. Unloading and import duty — buyer.
DPUDelivered at Place Unloaded
Поставка з розвантаженням
Like DAP plus unloading at seller's cost. The only term where seller unloads.
DDPDelivered Duty Paid
Поставка з оплатою мита
Maximum for seller: delivery + import duty + fees. Buyer only receives the goods.
FASFree Alongside Ship
Франко вздовж борта
Sea. Goods alongside the vessel (not on board). Rare, for bulk cargo.
General rule: the closer to D — the more obligations on the seller. FOB/CIF are sea-only; for containers via terminal FCA/CPT is usually more correct. Always state the edition in the contract: 'FOB Incoterms 2020'.