Fish diseases

Symptom reference and basic prevention

Disease

Informational reference — a vet is required for a real diagnosis. 80% of diseases come from stress: overstocking, dirty water, temperature swings, rough handling. Prevention beats treatment: quarantine new fish 2–3 weeks, regular aeration, don't overfeed, lime the pond between cycles. Isolate sick fish immediately.

Ich (white spot)

Symptoms

White spots like grains, fish rubbing

Cause

Parasite under stress/cold

Actions

Malachite/formalin baths, +1–2°C