Milk production cost

Feed + labor + vet + overhead → UAH/liter

Costs

Feed, UAH/head/day

Milking cows

Yield, l/head/day

Labor, UAH/month

Vet+meds, UAH/month

Overhead, UAH/month

Milk cost structure: feed 55–70%, labor 10–15%, vet/meds 3–5%, depreciation+energy+overhead — the rest. Full cost in Ukraine 2024–25 ~10–13 UAH/l. Formula: monthly costs ÷ (cows × yield × 30.4). Break-even = purchase price − cost. By-products (calves, manure) reduce net cost.

Cost per liter

Feed/month: 668 800 грн (69%)
Gross milk/month: 60 800 л
Total/month: 963 800 грн
Cost per liter: 15.85 грн