Practicing lawyer's glossary

Tort — non-contractual harm. Penalty — fine + interest + 3% p.a. Restitution — return of performance under a void deal. Subrogation — claim transfer to the insurer.

Limitation — 3 years. Appeal — merits review, cassation — law only. Claim security — asset freeze/ban before judgment. Checking procedural deadlines — critical.

Beneficiary — ultimate owner. Share capital — founders' contributions. Shareholders' agreement — on governance. Drag-along/tag-along — exit mechanisms.

Offer/acceptance — formation. Consensus — agreement on all terms. Essential terms — without which no contract. Public contract — duty to contract with anyone.

Enforcement — collection via bailiff. Account freeze — blocking funds. Property inventory — for collection. Writ of execution — 3 years to present.

Force majeure — extraordinary circumstances (CCI certificate). Dilution — share watering-down. Estoppel — bar on contradicting one's own conduct. Lex mercatoria — trade customs.