Heat, electricity, water — when individual metering pays back
Individual heat meter
Pay for actual consumption, not floor area. Saves 20–40% in vertical-piping buildings with per-apartment metering; easier with horizontal piping.
Two-zone electricity meter
Night 23:00–7:00 at a reduced tariff. Pays back in 6–18 months when shifting boiler/washer/EV to night.
Heat allocators on radiators
Alternative to apartment meters in old buildings: each radiator's cost proportional to heat output. Less accurate but cheap.
Apartment water meter
Most already have one — but check verification: an expired meter = recalculation at norms. Verification every 4–6 years depending on type.
HOA-level metering
A building heat meter is the base for fair distribution; the HOA can order a building energy audit at owners' expense.
Choosing a service provider
Meters are installed by licensed installers registered with the heat utility; 'installation without sealing' is pointless.
Individual metering is the precondition for savings: 'you can't manage what isn't measured'. The most common mistake — buying a meter before checking technical feasibility (piping, riser access). Savings figures are estimates — details from your utility.