FX loans

UAH income + FX loan = payment grows with the rate. A 50% devaluation → +50% payment. The classic 2008 and 2014 trap.

FX mortgages/consumer loans for individuals are effectively banned. Only UAH loans apply. FX loans exist for businesses with FX revenue.

USD/EUR rates run 5–10pp below UAH — that's the price of currency risk. A 7% yearly saving is wiped out by >20% devaluation.

If an FX loan already exists: a 6-payment reserve in the loan currency, early repayment while the hryvnia is strong, UAH refinancing when possible.

Compare scenarios: 20% UAH loan vs 8% FX + 15%/yr devaluation — the FX loan costs more by year 2. Always compute in hryvnia.

2008: rate 5→8 UAH/$, payments +60%, mass defaults. 2014–15: 8→25, FX mortgages restructured by law. Lesson — loan currency must match income currency.